Crisis Phase (February 11, 1959-October 1, 1959): The Federation of the Emirates of the South (Federation of South Arabia) was established on February 11, 1959, and the British government promised eventual independence to the federation. The British government lifted a state-of-emergency in Aden Colony on October 1, 1959.
Post-Crisis Phase (October 2, 1959-December 9, 1963): The British government formally united the Aden colony and the South Arabia protectorates to form the South Arabian Federation in January 1963. The United Nations (UN) General Assembly established a five-member fact-finding mission, which arrived in the South Arabian Federation on May 28, 1963. The National Liberation Front for South Yemen (NLF) was formed in opposition to the British government in June 1963. The UN fact-finding mission issued its report on July 3, 1963.
Crisis Phase (December 10, 1963-November 30, 1967): The British government declared a state-of-emergency following a terrorist incident on December 10, 1963, which resulted in the death of one individual. British troops and rebels rebels clashed in the Jebel Radfan area of Dhala State on April 30, 1964, resulting in the deaths of two British soldiers and some 25 rebels. Representatives from South Yemen met in London to discuss plans for independence on June 9-July 4, 1964. Elections to the Aden State Legislative Council were held on October 16, 1964. Two British soldiers were killed in a bomb explosion in Aden on November 27-28, 1964. One British soldier was killed in a landmine explosion in the Wadi Tayim area on December 31, 1964, and one British soldier was killed by rebels near Mukeiras on January 14, 1965. British troops and rebels clashed between Aden and Dhala on March 21, 1965, resulting in the deaths of three British soldiers. British troops and rebels clashed between Aden and Dhala on April 11, 1965, resulting in the deaths of two British soldiers. One British soldier was killed by rebels in Aden on July 3, 1965, and a British policeman was killed by rebels in Aden on August 29, 1965. Sir Arthur Charles, speaker of the Aden State Legislative Council, was killed by rebels on September 1, 1965. The British government suspended the Aden constitution and imposed direct rule on September 25, 1965. The Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (FLOSY) was established in opposition to the British government on January 13, 1966. FLOSY established a revolutionary command in Taiz on March 2, 1966. Egypt provided military assistance to FLOSY. FLOSY and the NLF fought for political control of the colony in anticipation of the withdrawal of British troops beginning in January 1967. British troops and South Yemen nationalists clashed in Aden on February 10-14, 1967, resulting in the deaths of ten nationalists. United Nations (UN) Secretary-General U Thant appointed a three-member fact-finding mission (Afghanistan, Mali, Venezuela) headed by Manuel Perez-Guerrero of Venezuela on February 23, 1967. British troops clashed with demonstrators in Aden on April 2-6, 1967, resulting in the deaths of eight individuals. Twenty-five individuals were killed in political violence between April 15 and June 5, 1967. British troops suppressed a military rebellion by South Arabian troops in Aden on June 20-22, 1967, resulting in the deaths of 22 British soldiers. NLF supporters and FLOSY supporters clashed in the Shiekh Othman district of Aden on September 10-11, 1967. NLF and FLOSY representatives held negotiations in Cairo under the auspices of the LAS from October 9 to November 6, 1967. NLF supporters and FLOSY supporters clashed in the Shiekh Othman and Mansoura districts of Aden on November 3-5, 1967, resulting in the deaths of seven individuals. The High Command of the South Arabian Armed Forces announced its support for the NLF on November 6, 1967. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) provided repatriation assistance to 21 FLOSY supporters and ten NLF supporters detained by the British on November 16, 1967. The UN fact-finding mission issued a report to the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1967. Switzerland facilitated negotiations between British and NLF representatives in Geneva on November 21-29, 1967. British troops completed their withdrawal from the territory on November 29, 1967. The People’s Republic of South Yemen (South Yemen) formally achieved its independence from Britain on November 30, 1967. Some 4,250 individuals, including 3,700 Yemeni nationalists, 165 British soldiers, and 365 civilians, were killed during the crisis.
[Sources: Butterworth, 1976, 351-355; Clodfelter, 1992, 1040; Donelan and Grieve, 1973, 223-227; Facts on File, December 12-18, 1963, April 13-19, 1967, June 15-21, 1967; Gavin 1975; Keesing’s Record of World Events, September 26-October 3, 1959, April 4-11, 1964, March 19-26, 1966, December 16-23, 1967; Langer, 1972, 1306-1308; Lapping, 1985, 278-310; Middle East Journal (MEJ), Spring 1966, Spring 1967, Autumn 1967; Tillema, 1991, 191-194; Weisburd, 1997, 80-82.]